Key Takeaways
- Catnip affects cats differently—some may become calm, others excited.
- Not all cats respond to catnip; sensitivity is inherited genetically.
- Catnip can be a natural tool for calming anxious cats or redirecting unwanted behavior.
- Overuse may reduce sensitivity or create tolerance over time.
- Scientific, historical, and behavioral insights can help pet owners use catnip responsibly.
Introduction
From amusing internet videos to shelves stocked with catnip-infused toys, catnip has long fascinated pet lovers. But while the image of a cat rolling blissfully in a pile of catnip is universally recognized, there remains a critical question many cat owners ask—does catnip actually calm cats?
This article explores the answer in depth. We’ll look at the science of how catnip works, when and why it calms some cats while energizing others, and what lesser-known insights pet owners should consider before using it as a calming aid.
What Is Catnip?
Catnip, or Nepeta cataria, is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family. Native to Europe and Asia, it’s now widely grown across North America and Australia.
The active compound in catnip is nepetalactone, which is found in the leaves and stems of the plant. When cats smell nepetalactone, it binds to receptors in their nasal tissue, triggering a neurological response that mimics feline pheromones.
The result? A wide range of behaviors—from euphoria to relaxation—depending on the cat.
A Historical Glimpse Into Catnip Use
Catnip has been around for centuries. Ancient texts suggest Roman and Egyptian civilizations used it for both feline entertainment and human herbal remedies. According to the Herbal Academy, catnip was used historically to treat insomnia and anxiety in humans—giving early hints to its calming potential.
In folklore, some believed catnip could tame aggressive cats or serve as a natural sedative. These accounts, although anecdotal, align with what some modern studies now confirm.
How Catnip Affects the Feline Brain
When a cat inhales nepetalactone, it triggers a chemical reaction in the brain that affects the amygdala (which regulates emotions) and the hypothalamus (which controls behavior).
Typical reactions include:
- Rubbing, rolling, and purring
- Sudden bursts of energy or zoomies
- Calm lying down or spacing out
- Temporary disinterest after exposure
These effects usually last 5–15 minutes. After that, a refractory period begins during which the cat doesn’t respond to more catnip.
But here’s the twist—some cats become more relaxed post-exposure, while others go through a burst of excitement followed by sedation. This dichotomy is key to understanding catnip’s calming effect.
Does Catnip Calm Cats? The Science Behind It
A 2017 study published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science found that approximately 60–70% of cats exhibit a noticeable behavioral response to catnip. However, whether this response results in calmness or hyperactivity varies by individual.
Here's what research and behaviorists suggest:
- Initial stimulation: Catnip often first stimulates cats, leading to energetic play.
- Secondary relaxation: Many cats experience a “comedown” phase, during which they become unusually calm, sleepy, or affectionate.
- Repeat use: Frequent exposure can lead to desensitization, reducing both hyperactive and calming effects.
“It’s like a natural high that, once passed, often leads to a mellow and content state—perfect for calming stress-prone cats,” says Dr. Jennifer Coates, DVM.
Why Some Cats Don’t React At All
Around 30–40% of cats are genetically immune to catnip. This trait is inherited and typically becomes noticeable by 3–6 months of age. Kittens younger than that usually don’t react either.
Breed, age, and even health status can influence sensitivity. Some large breed cats like Maine Coons or Norwegian Forest Cats are less likely to react strongly, though not always.
Pros of Using Catnip to Calm Cats
- ✅ Natural and non-toxic: Unlike some sedatives, catnip is completely safe in moderate doses.
- ✅ Reduces anxiety: Especially during travel, vet visits, or introduction to new environments.
- ✅ Behavioral redirection: Helps distract cats from destructive habits like scratching furniture.
- ✅ Encourages exercise: Active play before rest can help with boredom-related stress.
- ✅ Promotes bonding: Shared play sessions strengthen human-cat relationships.
Cons and Considerations
- ⚠️ Overuse can dull effects: Daily exposure may lead to tolerance.
- ⚠️ Not calming for all cats: Some cats become hyperactive or aggressive.
- ⚠️ Mild gastrointestinal upset: Ingesting large amounts may cause vomiting or diarrhea.
- ⚠️ Short duration: The calming window is brief; long-term relaxation may need supplementary methods.
- ⚠️ Genetic non-responsiveness: May disappoint owners unaware their cat doesn't react.
“Catnip isn’t a one-size-fits-all fix. It’s best used as part of a holistic behavioral strategy,” notes feline behaviorist Pam Johnson-Bennett.
When to Use Catnip for Calming Purposes
- 🧳 Before a vet visit or car ride
- 🛏️ To encourage calmness in a new sleeping area
- 🏠 During environmental changes like moving houses
- 🐾 To help newly adopted cats adjust
- 🐱 To redirect anxious behavior like over-grooming or hiding
Alternatives to Catnip
For cats who don’t react to catnip or for those needing more substantial calming, here are natural alternatives:
Valerian Root
- Contains actinidine, which mimics catnip effects.
- Often has a sedative quality.
Silvervine
- Found in Asia; known to affect a larger portion of cats than catnip.
- Often induces more prolonged calm.
Chamomile
- Used in calming sprays (in low, pet-safe doses).
Feliway Diffusers
- Mimic natural feline facial pheromones for a lasting calming effect.
Myths and Misconceptions
Myth 1: Catnip is addictive.
Fact: Catnip does not form dependency. Cats may seek it out, but it doesn’t trigger the brain’s addiction circuitry.
Myth 2: Only domestic cats respond to catnip.
Fact: Even big cats like lions, leopards, and jaguars show reactions.
Myth 3: Catnip always calms cats.
Fact: For many, the calming effect is secondary—preceded by hyperactivity.
How Often Should You Use Catnip?
Experts recommend offering catnip no more than once every 2–3 days to prevent desensitization. Regular breaks can help preserve its calming effect.
Additionally, consider rotating catnip toys or providing it through multiple mediums: loose leaves, sprays, or stuffed toys.
How to Use Catnip Effectively
- Sprinkle dried catnip on bedding or scratching posts.
- Use sprays on travel carriers or anxiety-prone spots.
- Rotate toys with catnip to maintain interest.
- Grow fresh catnip at home for occasional plucking.
Case Study: Catnip Use in Shelter Environments
A study by the ASPCA found that cats exposed to catnip in shelter environments showed a 20% reduction in stress behaviors, including hiding and vocalization. Providing catnip-enhanced toys in shelters helped make cats more adoptable.
This suggests that in high-stress, confined spaces, catnip can offer brief emotional relief and calm.
What PetCareShed Recommends
At PetCareShed, we offer a selection of natural, safe, and enriching catnip products, including:
- Organic Catnip Pouches
- Interactive Catnip Toys
- Calming Catnip Sprays
- Catnip-Infused Scratching Mats
If your cat is sensitive to catnip, consider trying silvervine-infused options as a gentle alternative.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Does catnip calm aggressive cats?
Sometimes. While initial reactions may involve hyperactivity, many cats exhibit calmness after the stimulation phase. It may not work for all.
How quickly does catnip work?
Usually within seconds to a minute. The effects peak for 5–15 minutes.
Can kittens use catnip?
Most kittens under 3 months do not respond. Sensitivity usually develops with age.
Is catnip safe if my cat eats it?
Yes, in small amounts. Overconsumption can cause mild stomach upset.
Can I give catnip daily?
Occasional use is recommended—every few days—to prevent reduced sensitivity.
What if my cat shows no interest in catnip?
Your cat may lack the gene that causes responsiveness. Try alternatives like silvervine or valerian root.
Final Thoughts
So, does catnip calm cats? The answer lies in a nuanced yes—but with conditions. Catnip can be a powerful calming tool when used thoughtfully and sparingly. It offers a natural, low-risk way to enhance your cat's environment and potentially ease anxiety. But it’s not universally effective, nor is it a substitute for deeper behavioral needs.
If you're exploring calming aids for your feline companion, catnip is a great place to start—but not where your strategy should end.